Nizam al-Mulk

A 13th-Century Description

This passage was written in Arabic by Ibn Khalikan, who wrote a collection of biographies of famous people.

Source, p. 89.

An 11th-Century Building

These are the remains of the Nizamiyya, a madrasa founded by Nizam al-Mulk in Khargird.

An 11th-Century Text

These snippets are from Nizam al-Mulk’s Mirror for Princes, called Siyasetnameh, which he wrote in Persian.

On Religion:

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In the days of the [Ghaznavid] sultans Mahmud and Masʿud and [the Seljuk sultans] Tughril and Alp Arslan, no Zoroastrian or Jew or Rafidi [12er Shiʿi] would have dared to appear in a public place or to present himself before a Turk. Those who administered the affairs of the Turks were all professional civil servants from Khurasan, who followed the orthodox Hanafi or Shafiʿi sects. The heretics of Iraq were never admitted to their presence or allowed to work as secretaries and tax collectors.

On Ethnicity:

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